Suffolk's Butterflies

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Flight Times of Butterflies      First Sightings      Foodplants of Butterflies      Recommended Books about Butterflies and Moths

Butterfly Conservation is dedicated to conserving both butterflies and moths. For information about the status of moths in Suffolk, please visit the Suffolk Moths website.   Click here to visit the Suffolk Moths website

35 species of butterfly occur naturally in Suffolk, including regular migrants and the newly-arrived Silver-washed Fritillary.

Flight Times Of Suffolk Butterflies
Note:  Flight periods based on results from transects & Suffolk Butterfly records 2000 to 2013
Marbled White and Chalkhill Blue are shown in italics as more information is required to accurately determine their current Suffolk status.
The released Purple Emperor flies at Theberton in July/Augus

To see where the butterflies can be seen click here to look at the Distribution Maps

First Sightings - as reported by email to sightings@suffolkbutterflies.org.uk (date in bold is new earliest date)

Species Name	Earliest Record	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Small Skipper	17 May	30 Jun	13 Jun	20 Jun	6 Jun	24 May	12 Jun	14 Jun	31 May	26 Jun
Essex Skipper	29 May	7 Jul	23 Jun	24 Jun	27 Jun	14 Jun	20 Jun	22 Jun	15 Jun	24 Jun
Large Skipper	21 May	25 Jun	25 May	1 Jun	7 Jun	25 May	27 May	7 Jun	25 May	12 Jun
Dingy Skipper	25 Apr	26 May	9 May	13 May	7 May	29 Apr	6 May	15 May	7 May	9 May
Swallowtail	28 May	17 Jul	17 Jul	16 Aug	6 Jun		2 Jun	25 Aug	1 Aug
Clouded Yellow	23 Apr	23 Jun	7 Jun	17 May	2 Jul	1 Jun	16 Apr	3 Jun	31 May	17 Jul
Brimstone	7 Jan	19 Feb	2 Jan	6 Mar	7 Feb	20 Feb	14 Mar	13 Feb	8 Mar	20 Feb
Large White	18 Mar	2 May	12 Mar	5 Apr	2 Apr	28 Mar	5 Apr	24 Feb	31 Jan	30 Mar
Small White	21 Feb	20 Apr	9 Mar	5 Mar	17 Mar	29 Mar	7 Apr	24 Feb	12 Mar	25 Mar
Green-veined White	11 Mar	20 Apr	15 Mar	7 Apr	13 Apr	15 Mar	21 Mar	21 Mar	4 Apr	4 Apr
Orange Tip	23 Mar	21 Apr	19 Mar	7 Apr	8 Apr	15 Mar	14 Apr	24 Mar	24 Mar	30 Mar
Green Hairstreak	9 Apr	3 May	20 Apr	15 Apr	20 Apr	21 Apr	22 Apr	15 Apr	7 Apr	18 Apr
Purple Hairstreak	3 Jun	5 Jul	15 Jun	25 Jun	1 Jul	14 Jun	16 Jun	22 Jun	9 Jun	2 Jul
White-letter Hairstreak	2 Jun	6 Jul	26 Jun	30 Jun	2 Jul	13 Jun	22 Jun	17 Jun	16 Jun	23 Jun
Brown Hairstreak				9 Sep	8 Aug	5 Aug	2 Aug	2 Aug	28 Jul
Small Copper	20 Mar	1 May	5 Apr	7 Apr	28 Apr	25 Mar	18 Apr	10 Apr	8 Apr	29 Mar
Silver-studded Blue	30 May	21 Jun	7 Jun	9 Jun	15 Jun	1 Jun	6 Jun	9 Jun	30 May =	14 Jun
Brown Argus	23 Apr	27 May	16 May	8 May	17 May	7 May	17 May	26 Apr	1 May	9 May
Common Blue	7 Apr	26 May	15 May	11 May	3 May	12 May	15 May	15 May	2 May	7 May
Holly Blue	18 Mar	23 Apr	30 Mar	7 Apr	2 Apr	15 Mar	18 Apr	26 Feb	22 Mar	30 Mar
Chalkhill Blue	31 Jul	12 Aug	15 Jul	20 Jul	20 Jul	20 Aug		1 Aug	22 Jul	21 Jul
Small Blue								15 Jun	21 May	27 May
Long-tailed Blue		15 Aug		9 Aug	23 Aug	9 Jul	18 Oct	24 Aug	4 Sep
Silver-washed Fritillary	20 Jun	8 Jul	17 Jun	29 Jun	24 Jun	13 Jun	18 Jun	21 Jun	14 Jun	25 Jun
Dark Green Fritillary							23 Jun	29 Jun	14 Jun	9 Jul
Marsh Fritillary										5 Jun
White Admiral	7 Jun	5 Jul	6 Jun	29 Jun	26 Jun	14 Jun	11 Jun	27 Jun	15 Jun	1 Jul
Purple Emperor	30 Jun	13 Jul	23 Jun	7 Jul	15 Jul	23 Jun	24 Jun	2 Jul	20 Jun	6 Jul
Red Admiral	1 Jan	9 Jan	13 Jan	2 Jan	23 Jan	8 Jan	18 Jan	8 Jan	9 Jan	22 Jan
Painted Lady	20 Feb	26 May	1 Apr	15 Apr	9 May	2 Apr	21 Apr	18 Mar	10 Apr	20 Apr
Small Tortoiseshell	1 Jan	5 Mar	16 Feb	27 Jan	25 Feb	17 Feb	16 Feb	3 Feb	8 Mar	22 Jan
Large Tortoishell			10 Mar		5 May		4 Jul	23 Apr	17 Mar	1 Apr
Scarce Tortoiseshell			27 Mar	15 Apr
Peacock	1 Jan	4 Feb	2 Jan	15 Feb	25 Jan	24 Jan	12 Jan	14 Feb	8 Jan	11 Jan
Comma	15 Jan	5 Mar	2 Mar	13 Feb	24 Feb	20 Feb	14 Mar	24 Feb	1 Mar	2 Feb
Camberwell Beauty					5 Oct	12 Oct	5 May
Marbled White	7 Jun	10 Jul	2 Jul	26 Jun	27 Jun	15 Jun	17 Jun	22 Jun	15 Jun	23 Jun
Speckled Wood	26 Mar	21 Apr	29 Mar	10 Mar	2 Apr	26 Mar	18 Apr	29 Mar	23 Mar	17 Apr
Wall Brown	1 Apr	27 May	9 May	15 May	15 May	30 Apr	10 May	12 May	29 Apr	24 May
Grayling	21 Jun	17 Jul	25 Jun	3 Jul	6 Jul	26 Jun	25 Jun	5 Jul	7 Jul	11 Jul
Gatekeeper	10 Jun	11 Jul	30 Jun	18 Jun	6 Jul	14 Jun	22 Jun	16 Jun	21 Jun	2 Jul
Meadow Brown	5 May	25 Jun	3 Jun	11 Jun	10 Jun	21 May	3 Jun	1 Jun	25 May	12 Jun
Ringlet	3 Jun	5 Jul	10 Jun	11 Jun	21Jun	11 Jun	13 Jun	22 Jun	13 Jun	24 Jun
Small Heath	24 Apr	16 May	4 May	4 May	12 May	28 Apr	5 May	26 Apr	2 May	10 May

Suffolk's Butterflies, their BAP* status and larval foodplants

Species Name	Scientific Name	UK BAP* Status	Suffolk Status	Larval Foodplant
Small Skipper	Thymelicus sylvestris	Not listed	Common Resident	Yorkshire Fog, Creeping Soft and False brome grasses
Essex Skipper	Thymelicus lineola	Not listed	Common Resident	Cock’s Foot and Creeping Soft grass
Large Skipper	Ochlodes venata	Not listed	Common resident	Cock’s Foot grass and some other grasses
Dingy Skipper	Erynnis tages	Priority Species	Very rare resident, can be seen in the King's Forest.  Suffolk BAP species	Bird’s-foot trefoil
Swallowtail	Papilio machaon	Not listed	Occasional visitor or migrant, from Norfolk (sp britannicus) or the continent (sp gorganus)	Norfolk - Milk Parsley Continental - Wild Carrot
Clouded Yellow	Colias croceus	Not listed	Rare migrant	Clover, Lucerne and Bird’s-foot Trefoil
Brimstone	Gonepteryx rhamni	Not listed	Common resident	Buckthorn and Alder Buckthorn
Large White	Pieris brassicae	Not listed	Common resident	Crucifers.  Cultivated or wild brassicas
Small White	Pieris rapae	Not listed	Common resident	Crucifers.  Cultivated or wild brassicas
Green-veined White	Pieris napi	Not listed	Common resident	Cuckoo Flower, Garlic Mustard, Hedge Mustard
Orange Tip	Anthocharis cardamines	Not listed	Common resident	Cuckoo Flower, Garlic Mustard, Hedge Mustard
Green Hairstreak	Callophrys rubi	Not listed	Resident	Gorse, Broom, Rockrose, Bird's Foot Trefoil
Purple Hairstreak	Quercusia quercus	Not listed	Resident	Most oaks
White-letter Hairstreak	Strymonidia w-album	Priority Species	Resident, Suffolk BAP species	Elm
Brown Hairstreak	Thecla betulae	Priority Species	Small colonies introduced (unofficially) in Belstead Brook Park and Pipers Vale.	The primary larval foodplant is Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). cherries (Prunus spp.) also used
Small Copper	Lycaena phlaeas	Not listed	Resident, most numerous in the Sandlings and Brecks	Common and Sheep’s Sorrel and Dock spp
Silver-studded Blue	Plebejus argus	Priority Species	Rare resident most numerous in the Sandlings, also Purdis Heath.  Suffolk BAP species	Heather, Bell Heather, Rock-rose, Bird's Foot Trefoil
Brown Argus	Aricia agestis	Not listed	Common resident	Common Stork’s-bill, Dove’s-foot Cranesbill and Rock-rose
Common Blue	Polyommatus icarus	Not listed	Common resident	Bird’s-foot Trefoil, other trefoils
Holly Blue	Celastrina argiolus	Not listed	Common resident	Holly (spring), Ivy (autumn).  Also other shrubs
Chalkhill Blue	Polyommatus coridon	Not listed	Present on Devil's Dyke which is not in Suffolk vice-county. Present on a private site in W Suffolk	Horseshoe Vetch (Hippocrepis comosa).
Small Blue	Cupido minimus	Priority species	Small colony introduced (unofficially) in Landseer Park	Kidney Vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria).
Long-tailed Blue	Lampides boeticus	Not listed	Rare migrant	Bladder-senna (Colutea arborescens), Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea (Lathyrus latifolius) and Broom (Cytisus scoparius).
Silver-washed Fritillary	Argynnis paphia	Not listed	Recent scarce residentbut can be seen in several woods e.g. Bradfield, Wolves  and Bonny Woods.	Commmon Dog Violet
Dark-green Fritillary	Speyeria aglaja	Not listed	A few sightings of uncertain source.  Present on N Norfolk coast.	Common Dog-violet (Viola riviniana), Hairy Violet (Viola hirta) and Marsh Violet (Viola palustris).
Marsh Fritillary	Euphydryas aurinia	Priority species	One sighting, an unofficial release	Devil's-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis).
White Admiral	Limenitis camilla	Priority species	Scarce resident. Has increased in numbers recently.  Suffolk BAP species	Honeysuckle
Purple Emperor	Apatura Iris	Not listed	Recent scarce resident but can be seen in several woods e.g. Bradfield and Bonny Woods.	Sallow, Goat Willow
Red Admiral	Vanessa atalanta	Not listed	Common resident and migrant	Common Stinging Nettle and Small Nettle
Painted Lady	Vanessa cardui	Not listed	Common migrant	Spear Thistle, Marsh Thistle, Creeping Thistle and Stinging Nettle
Small Tortoiseshell	Aglais urticae	Not listed	Common resident and migrant	Stinging Nettle and Small Nettle
Large Tortoiseshell	Nymphalis polychloros	Not listed	Very rare migrant but seen in most years.  Now breeding in Dorset and probably Norfolk.	Elms (Ulmus spp.). Aspen (Populus tremula), poplars (Populus spp.), sallows (Salix spp.) and willows (Salix spp.) are also used.
Scarce Tortoiseshell	Nymphalis xanthomelas	Not listed	Very rare migrant	sallows (Salix spp.)
Peacock	Inachis io	Not listed	Common resident	Stinging Nettle
Comma	Polygonia c-album	Not listed	Resident	Stinging Nettle, occasioinally Hop, Currant, Elm or Sallow
Marbled White	Melanargia galathea	Not listed	Small colony introduced (unofficially) in Landseer Park but seems to be stable.  A few spreading into W Suffolk	Cock's-foot (Dactylis glomerata), Red Fescue (Festuca rubra), Sheep's-fescue (Festuca ovina), Timothy (Phleum pratense), Tor-grass (Brachypodium rupestre) and Yorkshire-fog (Holcus lanatus).
Speckled Wood	Pararge aegeria	Not listed	Increasingly common resident	Many grasses inc False Brome, Cock’s Foot and Yorkshire Fog
Wall Brown	Lasiommata megera	Priority species	Declining resident, now rare.  Can be seen at SWT Carlton Marshes	Grasses inc Cock’s Foot
Grayling	Hipparchia semele	Priority species	Resident, confined to the Sandlings and Brecks, Suffolk BAP species	Fine grasses on sandy soil
Gatekeeper	Pyronia tithonus	Not listed	Common resident	Narrow blade grasses inc fescues and bents
Meadow Brown	Maniola jurtina	Not listed	Common resident	Narrow blade meadow grasses inc fescues and bents
Ringlet	Aphantopus hyperantus	Not listed	Common resident	Tufted Hair-grass and many other grasses
Small Heath	Coenonympha pamphilus	Priority species	Resident, mostly in the Sandlings and Brecks.  Suffolk BAP species	Narrow blade grasses inc fescues and bents
Species Name	Scientific Name	UK BAP Status	Suffolk Status

* BAP = Biodiversity Action Plan.

Click here for more information about the National BAP

Click here for information about the Suffolk BAP

Recommended Books on Butterflies and Moths
The following are recommended for identification and reference. Most are stocked by Suffolk Public Libraries. Look at them there before buying

British Butterflies
(in ascending cost; retail price quoted – many are cheaper from booksellers websites)

Butterfly Identification Guide (folding plastic)  by the Field Studies Council. £3 from Suffolk Wildlife Trust.

The Butterflies of Suffolk , 1986, by Howard Mendel & Steve Piotrowski. Published by Suffolk Naturalists' Society. £5 from SNS [You can order from the Museum by phone, 01473 433547].

The Millennium Atlas of Suffolk Butterflies, 2001, by Richard Stewart. Published by Suffolk Naturalists'Society. £5 from SNS [You can order from the Museum by phone, 01473 433547].

Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain, Second Edition, 2015, by Richard Lewington. British Wildlife Publishing.  £10.

Britain's Butterflies, Third Edition 2015 , by David Newland, David Tomlinson & Rob Still. Wild Guides. £12.50.

Discovering Butterflies in Britain by Prof David Newland 2006 WildGuides. Where to find particular species. (ISBN 10903657-121-1 - £16.63.

The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland, Edition 3, 2014, by Jeremy Thomas & Richard Lewington. British Wildlife Publishing.  Excellent detail. £29 hardback/ £16.65 Paperback

Butterflies of Britain and Ireland: A Field and Site Guide (Paperback), 2011, Michael Easterbrook (recorder for Kent Butterfly Conservation).  As well as details and photos of all species there are notes on the history of each butterfly in the UK, maps showing current and historic distribution and a site guide.  Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, ISBN: 9781408127704 £29.99

The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland, 2000, Asher et al. Oxford University Press. £30.

A Butterfly Notebook, 2003, Douglas Hammersley, The Book Guild. £25 or less for paperback.  This is not a comprehensive field guide, but a wonderful collection of large scale illustrations by a local artist, accompanied by informative anecdotes about each species.

The Butterfly Isles: A Summer In Search Of Our Emperors And Admirals, 2011. Patrick Barkham ISBN: 9781847083159 £10 paperback   One man's year-long hunt for all 59 species of British butterfly, is a beguiling piece of amateur nature writing.  From the Adonis Blue to the Dingy Skipper, the author stops at nothing in his obsessive and engaging attempts to uncover each of these wonderfully ethereal creatures. Astonishingly detailed in its description of the natural world, this bewitching story is packed with family anecdotes and the genial humour of a patient man and a true fanatic.  

British Moths
Comprehensive volumes are pricey.  Order these from the library, and decide how serious you are

Colour Identification Guide to the Moths of the British Isles - Skinner, 2009  This edition is a major update of his standard work.  Apollo Books. £48.  Provides pictures of set specimens of all the British macro moths, showing the range of variation and geographic forms.

Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain & Ireland by Paul Waring & Martin Townsend with illustrations by Richard Lewington, 2003. £29.95. Something of a breakthrough because it illustrates them wings folded, as well as set.

Concise Guide to the Moths of Great Britain & Ireland by Paul Waring & Martin Townsend with illustrations by Richard Lewington, 2007. £12.95. A simplified version of the 2003 Field Guide above. Features the same illustrations in a ring binder facing an abbreviated text on each species. Excellent for use in the field, and good value.

British Moths and butterflies – a photographic guide Manley, 2008  A & C Black.  An excellent compilation of photographs of micromoths, butterflies and all our macro moths, with good pictures of caterpillars too. A massive amount of information squeezed into a 350 page softback. £21.

Enjoying Moths Leverton, Roy, 2001 Poyser Natural History - this is a super book, inspirational and readable, though not a comprehensive identification guide. About £27 from Amazon.

Britain's Day-flying Moths. Newland, Still & Swash, 2013. Wild Guides. £18 – or less from Amazon.

Butterfly Gardening & Specialist

Gardening for Butterflies, Bees and other beneficial insects, 2010 by Jan Miller £18 from www.7wells.co.uk      [Use code: “BUTTERFLY”]

Breeding the British Butterflies by P. W. Cribb £4 from AES Publications Tel:01277 224610.

The Amateur Entomologists’ Society have a wide range of other publications, indexed on their website: www.amentsoc.org

European Butterflies

Collins Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain & Europe by Tolman & Lewington, Collins. 2008 edition £19.50 or earlier editions secondhand around £15.

Butterflies of Europe by Tristan Lafranchis, 2004 Paris; Diatheo, £38 softback with a DVD or £33.50 for the book alone. With a unique key to the identification of 440 species supported by close-up photography.

Stockists for specialist entomological books (new and secondhand):

Ian Johnson, Pemberley Books - www.pemberleybooks.com

David Dunbar, Aurelian Books - dgldunbar@aol.com <mailto:dgldunbar@aol.com

Atropos Books - books@atropos.info - 01797 367866.

Abe Books - a good source for second-hand books.  This is a marketplace for local bookshops.  www.abebooks.co.uk

Butterfly Conservation no longer sell books (with the exception of their own publications).